1. The disease is the failure of the mechanism of adaptation of organisms to respond appropriately to stimuli or pressures causing interference with the function / structure of the organization or system of the body (Gold Medical Dictionary)
2. Disease is a condition in which the life process are no longer regular or interrupted his journey (Van Dale's Woordenboek der Nederlandse Tell)
Azwar (1988) concluded that the disease is:
A situation where there is disruption of form and function that are in a state that is not normal.
B. Development of Disease Occurrence Theory
At first, the concept is based on the existence of supernatural beings or interruption because of the wrath of the mighty creator.
The development of the theory of the next occurrence of the disease are:
1. Theory Contangion
The occurrence of disease is required contact between one person to another.
2. The theory of Hippocrates
Diseases caused by environmental influences in particular: water, air, soil, weather.
3. Humoral theory
Diseases caused by disorders of fluid balance in the human body.
4. Miasma Theory
Diseases caused by the remnants of living beings who experience decay, thus leaving air pollution and environmental
5. Epidemic Theory
Linking the occurrence of disease with weather and geographic (place)
6. The theory of micro-organism (germ terori)
Germs are considered as a single disease.
7. Nutrition and Resistance Theory
The observation of various epidemiological observations.
8. Environmental Ecology Theory
Humans interact with a variety of factors in certain circumstances and in certain circumstances would cause a specific disease.
C. Cause Compound
The disease has more than one cause, not a single character.
Causative factors are grouped into 4 groups, namely:
1. Presdiposisi factors such as age, sex, history of previous illness, etc..
2. Factor triggers, such as exposure by a specific disease agent.
3. Drivers, such as exposure to repeated, heavy workload.
4. Weight factors, such as low income, nutritional status, housing conditions, etc..
D. Exposure and vulnerability
1. Exposure
Exposure is a condition in which the host is in effect or interact with elements of primary and secondary causes or with environmental elements that can encourage the disease process.
2. Susceptibility
Vulnerability is a state in which the host has a condition that easily influenced or interact with elements of the cause to allow the occurrence of disease.
E. Classification of Diseases
WHO since 1984 published several revisions of the book "The International Classification of Diseases (International Clasification of Disease / ICD)
In classification, ICD include 17 main groups based on the cause of the disease with the disease, the nature of disease and location of disease, as follows:
1. Infectious diseases and perasit
2. Neoplasm
3. Endocrine diseases, nutrition, and metabolic and immunity disorders
4. Diseases of blood and blood-forming organs
5. Mental Disorders
6. Diseases of the nervous system and sensory organs
7. Circulatory system diseases
8. Respiratory system diseases
9. Digestive system disease
10. Urinary and genital system diseases
11. Complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperal
12. Skin and subcutaneous tissue
13. System disease of skeletal muscle and connective tissue
14. Kalainan congenital
15. Certain conditions originating from the perinatal period
16. Symptoms, signs, and circumstances that are not clear
17. Injury and poisoning
Each subsequent disease in the classification has some type of disease according to the criteria of symptoms and signs.
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